The use of mechanical equipment or human labor from the surface to drill the formation into holes is called drilling. Usually refers to the exploration or development of oil, natural gas, and other liquid and gaseous minerals by drilling holes and large-diameter water supply Wells. Drilling is widely used in national economic construction.

In our oil (gas) fields, a rotary table is widely used to drill Wells. The main equipment includes a derrick, operating platform, diesel engine, drilling rig, drilling tool, mud pump, generator and test equipment, fuel tank, boiler, etc.

The diameter and depth of drilling depend on the use of drilling and the depth of mineral burial. Oil, gas, and groundwater are drilled in large diameters. The main functions are: (1) to obtain underground material data, that is, to take cores, ore cores, cuttings, liquid samples, gaseous samples, and so on from drilling. (2) As a geophysical logging channel to obtain the data of various geophysical fields in rock and ore layers. (3) As an artificial channel to observe the hydrogeological dynamics of the underground water layer. (4) Used for exploration, mining, the development of groundwater, oil, and gas, and geothermal drilling.

Drilling is usually divided into a geological survey or exploration drilling, hydrogeological drilling, water well or engineering geology drilling, geothermal drilling, petroleum drilling, coal field drilling, mineral field drilling, construction surface drilling, etc..

From drilling to completion, a well needs to perform the following three main tasks: 1. Break the bottom rock; 2. 2. Transport the broken rock (i.e. cuttings) to the surface; 3. Solidify the wellbore (cementing).

Conventional drilling method

cable

The wire rope is used to send the drill bit to the bottom of the well, and the power machine drives the beam mechanism, so that one end of the beam moves up and down, and drives the wire rope and the drill to produce up and down impact. Breaking rock, also known as percussion drilling (FIG. 1), is an ancient drilling method. There are three pulleys on the block of a ton drilling rig, each through a wire rope, used to run the casing, sand, and lift and run the drill. When drilling with a ton drill, drilling and sand fishing must be carried out alternately. Because of its slow drilling speed and low efficiency, the ton drill is unable to meet the drilling requirements of increasing well depth and complex formation and is gradually replaced by the rotary drill. However, it has the advantages of simple equipment, low cost, and no pollution to the reservoir, and can be used in some shallow low-pressure oil and gas Wells, leakage Wells and so on. Therefore, in the United States and other countries, there are still a certain number of oil and gas Wells drilled by the ton drilling method. The oil Wells in Yan 'an area of northern Shaanxi Province of China and the salt Wells in the Artesian area of Sichuan Province are mostly drilled by the ton drilling method. Rotary drills use the cutting or grinding action of the bit as it rotates to break up the rock. It is currently the most common drilling method (Figure 2). First used in the United States in 1901. It was put into use in China in the mid-1930s. It has a faster drilling speed than the ton drill and can deal with complex situations such as well collapse and blowout. Different power transmission methods, it can be divided into rotary table drills and underground power drills. The rotary table drill is equipped with a rotary table at the wellhead of the drill floor, and the rotating part of the center of the rotary table has a square hole. The kelly at the top of the drill string passes through the square hole, and the drill string and the drill bit are connected under the kelly. When the power machine drives the rotary table, it drives the drill string and the bit to rotate together, breaking the rock, lengthening and deepening the hole with the drill string, and returning the cuttings to the surface with the circulating mud.

Rotate the drill

Rock is broken by the cutting or grinding action of the bit as it rotates. It is the most common drilling method at present. The drilling speed is faster than that of the Ton drill, and it is easy to deal with complex situations such as well collapse and blowout. Way according to the power of the rotary drill can be divided into two kinds, rotary drilling and underground power drill: rotary drill at the mouth of the good rig device itself, wheel center part of the square hole, the kelly bar through the square hole at the top of the drill string, kelly, the drill string and bit power driven rotary drill string and bit rotate, broken rock. Downhole power drilling is the use of downhole power drilling tools to drive the drill bit to break rock, drilling string does not rotate, small wear, especially suitable for drilling directional Wells. The downhole power drill has a turbine drill, screw drill, and electric drill.

Downhole power drill drilling is a drilling method driven by drilling fluid using turbodrill, screw drill, and impact rotary drill. It is characterized by fast footage, small bit weight, and high pump pressure. Suitable for drilling directional Wells or special hard bottom sections.

Drilling equipment is divided into a rotary system, lifting system, and mud circulation system according to their function. Power and transmission systems and control systems.

Drilling process

Drilling is systematic engineering [2], which is a joint operation of multiple majors and types using a variety of equipment, tools, and materials. At the same time, it is a multi-program close connection, multi-link continuous operation. The whole process of construction has considerable complexity.

Each well is completed in three phases: predrilling, drilling, and completion. Each project stage has a series of construction procedures. Its main processes generally include: well location, road survey, foundation construction, derrick installation, moving, installation of equipment, primary drilling, secondary drilling, drilling, lifting, bit change, drilling, completion, electrical measurement, casing, cementing operations, etc.

Cangzhou shenlong pipe manufacturing co., ltd. is a company specializing in the production of steel pipes and pipe fittings. The Wells we produce include seamless steel pipes, straight seam steel pipes, spiral steel pipes, etc., with uniform wall thickness, good perpendicularity, and high tensile strength. The products meet the standards of AWWA, ASTM, API, etc., which are used by a large number of drilling companies and are well received by customers.