A pressure vessel is a closed vessel that can withstand pressure. The pressure vessel has a wide range of uses, and it plays an important role in many sectors such as industry, civil and military industry, as well as in many fields of scientific research. 

Causes of accidents in pressure vessels

The size of the equipment accident rate, and the influencing factors are many, but also very complex. It is related not only to the various levels of technology in the industrial field as a whole but also to sociocultural and human qualities.

Under the same conditions, the accident rate of pressure vessels is much higher than that of other mechanical equipment. Originally, most of the pressure vessels are under static and relatively stable load, which is not as easy to fail because of excessive wear and tear as the general rotating machinery and is not as prone to fatigue failure because of high cycle repeated load as the high-speed engine. The main reasons are as follows.

Technical conditions of pressure vessel

1) The use conditions are harsh. Pressure vessels not only bear pressure loads of different sizes (or pulsating loads in general) and other loads, but also some operate under high temperature or deep cold conditions, the working medium is often corrosive, and the working environment is harsh.

2) Easy to overload. The pressure inside the vessel often rises rapidly as a result of handling errors or abnormal reactions, and often the vessel is broken without being noticed.

3) The local stress is complex. For example, around the opening of the container and other structural discontinuities, the fatigue fracture is often caused by excessive local stress and repeated loading and unloading.

4) Often conceal serious defects. Welding or forging containers, often in the manufacturing of small cracks and other serious defects, these defects if in the operation of the continuous expansion, or in appropriate conditions (such as the use of temperature, the nature of the working medium, etc.) will make the container burst.

Use the management of pressure vessel

1) Illegal use. Some equipment produced by factories without pressure vessel manufacturing qualifications is purchased as pressure equipment and used illegally as pressure vessels to avoid safety supervision and management such as packaging, use registration, and inspection, leaving endless future problems.

2) Although the container is legal, the management operation does not meet the requirements. Enterprises do not have or lack of professional knowledge of pressure vessels and understand the relevant national laws and regulations, and standards of technical management personnel. Pressure vessel operators without necessary professional training and assessment, without a license, easy to cause operation accidents.

3) Pressure vessel management is in the state of "four none". That is, there are no safe operating procedures, two no pressure vessel technical files, three no pressure vessel licensed personnel and relevant management personnel, and four no regular inspection management. Make the pressure vessel and safety accessories in blind use, blind management out of control.

4) Unauthorized change of service conditions, unauthorized repair, and transformation. Operators ignore the safety of pressure vessels, in order to meet the needs of a certain process and arbitrarily change the use of pressure vessels and conditions of use, even with "disease" operation, illegal overload, overpressure production, and other serious consequences.

5) The safety supervision and management departments and relevant administrative law enforcement departments of local governments are not in place. Safety supervision management department and the relevant administrative law enforcement work have not been able to use the development of the socialist market economy, especially in small scale, wide distribution of a surge of private and private enterprise, making the pressure vessel safety supervision management exists blind area and the phenomenon of management does not reach the designated position, add to the pressure vessel in violation of the use and management.

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