Ingot (a steel ingot) is often used in the production of flange forgings. The homogenizing annealing of steel ingot is to heat the ingot with complex chemical composition, rapid non-equilibrium crystallization, and poor plasticity to the temperature close to the melting point for a long time, so that the alloy atoms are fully diffused, in order to eliminate the non-uniformity of chemical composition and organization and improve the plastic deformation ability of steel ingot in the manufacturing of welding flange forgings. The characteristic of this annealing is that the change of microstructure and properties is irreversible and can only be changed to the equilibrium direction. Ingot homogenization annealing is to realize homogenization of ingot by phase dissolution and atom diffusion under high-temperature heating conditions, which plays an important role in the machining of butt welding flange forgings in the future.

In addition to the diffusion of atoms in the grain, the microstructure changes also occur during the homogenizing annealing of the flange ingot. The main microstructure changes in homogenization annealing are dendrite segregation elimination and non-equilibrium phase dissolution. It is through long-time insulation at high temperatures, atoms are fully diffused, and dendrite segregation is eliminated to achieve uniform composition. The main process of homogenization annealing is the homogenization of components in solid solution grains for the alloys which are still single phases in a non-equilibrium state. When there is a non-equilibrium metastable phase in the alloy, both of the above main processes occur. In addition, the homogenizing annealing process is often accompanied by the decomposition of supersaturated solid solution, insoluble excess phase aggregation and spheroidization, grain growth, phase transition, and the possible quenching effect due to excessive cooling.

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